Collection Schematic

Showing posts with label sensor. Show all posts

Sunday, October 26, 2014

Line Follower Robot Sensor Concept

Line Follower Robot Sensor Concept - Sensor line detector is used in line follower robot is usually based on the principle of light reflectionto distinguish the line with the background color. In the dark color of the light absorption is greater than that of white light reflected to the sensor becomes smaller.

Position sensor to track the trajectory and the example circuit.

Line Follower Robot Sensor Concept

Light used for the introduction of the line is usually visible light and infra-red. Sensors for visible light are commonly used are LDR (Light Depending Resistance), while for the infrared light is atransistor and photo diode (photodiode). Sensors placed at the bottom of the frame to hang the robot, so that its position can be located just above the track to be read.

Thursday, October 23, 2014

Fire alarm with light sensor

Fire alarm can be made with a light sensor (LDR) as in the article with the title of Fire Alarm with this LDR sensor. Principles of fire detection Fire Alarm with LDR sensor is to detect the presence of smoke through the LDR. LDR in the series Fire Alarm does not stand alone in detecting a fire, but the LDR in the pair with the light shining on the LDR.

Hence, in the detected smoke from the fire then the intensity of light received by the LDR LDR decreases and eventually trigger an alarm system on a series of Fire Alarm with this LDR sensor. Part 2 that in the series of Fire Alarm with Sensor LDR are some of the sensors, tone generator, audio power.

Image Series Fire Alarm with Sensor LDR

Function Section of the Fire Alarm with Sensor LDR

Part of LDR and light sensor facing to fire smoke detection

Part trigger using transistors and regulators as a trigger tone generator 7805

Tone generator section with IC UM66

Power audio section uses an audio power IC TDA 2002 which is equipped with voleme control (R3)

Thursday, October 16, 2014

Simple IC LM35 Temperature Sensor Characteristics

LM 35 temperature sensor IC is a IC chip production Natioanal Semiconductor which serves to determine the temperature of an object or space in the form of electric scale, or can also be defined as an electronic component that is used to change the temperature changes are accepted in the electrical wholesale changes. LM35 temperature sensor IC temperature change can change a change in voltage at the output. LM35 temperature sensor IC requires +5 volts DC source voltage and DC current consumption of 60 mA in operation. Physical form LM 35 temperature sensor is an IC chip with packaging that varies, in general packaging LM35 temperature sensor is packaged TO-92 as shown in the figure below.

From the picture above it can be seen that the temperature sensor IC LM35 basically have 3 pin that serves as a source of supply voltage of +5 volts DC, as a result of sensing the output pin in the form of a change in the DC voltage and Vout pin to Ground.

IC LM35 temperature sensor characteristics are:

Temperature sensitivity, with linear scaling factor between voltage and temperature 10 mVolt / º C, so it can be calibrated directly in centigrade.
Have the accuracy or the accuracy of the calibration is 0.5 º C at 25 º C.
Has a maximum operating temperature range between -55 º C to +150 º C. Working at a voltage of 4 to 30 volts.
Has current low at less than 60 mA.
Have a low self-heating (low-heating) of less than 0.1 º C in still air.
Has a low output impedance is 0.1 W for 1 mA load.
have Nonlinearities only about ± ¼ º C.

Friday, September 19, 2014

Two Wire Temperature Sensor

Circuit diagram :

Two-Wire

Two-Wire Temperature Sensor Circuit Diagram

If an output signal that is directly proportional to the celsius temperature scale is desired, the present circuit, which uses a Type LM45 sensor, offers a good solution. The LM45 sensor is powered by an alternating voltage, while its out-put is a direct voltage.

The supply to the sensor is provided by a sine-wave generator, based on A 1 and A 2 (see diagram). The alternating volt-age is applied to the signal line in the two-core cable via coupling capacitor C 6 .

The sensor contains a volt-age-doubling rectifier formed by D 1 -D 2 -C 1 -C 2 . This network converts the applied alternating voltage into a direct voltage. Resistor R 2 isolates the output from the load capacitance, while choke L 1 couples the output signal of the sensor to the signal line in the cable. Choke L 1 and capacitor C 2 protect the output against the alternating voltage present on the line.

At the other end of the link, network R 3 -L 2 -C 4 forms a low-pass section that prevents the alternating supply voltage from combining with the sensor out-put. Capacitor C 5 prevents a direct current through R 3 , since this would attenuate the temper-ature-dependent voltage.

The output load should have a high resistance, some 100 kΩ or even higher. The circuit draws a current of a few mA.

Monday, September 8, 2014

Two Wire Temperature Sensor

Remote temperature measurements have to be linked by some sort of cable to the relevant test instrument. Normally, this is a three-core cable: one core for the signal and the other two for the supply lines. If the link is required to be a two-core cable, one of the supply lines and the signal line have to be combined. This is possible with, for instance, temperature sensors LM334 and LM335. However, these devices provide an output that is directly proportional to absolute temperature and this is not always a practical proposition. Circuit diagram : Two-Wire Temperature Sensor Circuit Diagram If an output signal that is directly proportional to the celsius temperature scale is desired, the present schema, which uses a Type LM45 sensor, offers a good solution. The LM45 sensor is powered by an alternating voltage, while its out-put is a direct voltage. The supply to the sensor is provided by a sine-wave generator, based on A 1 and A 2 (see diagram). The alternating volt-age is applied to the signal line in the two-core cable via coupling capacitor C 6 . The sensor contains a volt-age-doubling rectifier formed by D 1 -D 2 -C 1 -C 2 . This network converts the applied alternating voltage into a direct voltage. Resistor R 2 isolates the output from the load capacitance, while choke L 1 couples the output signal of the sensor to the signal line in the cable. Choke L 1 and capacitor C 2 protect the output against the alternating voltage present on the line. At the other end of the link, network R 3 -L 2 -C 4 forms a low-pass section that prevents the alternating supply voltage from combining with the sensor out-put. Capacitor C 5 prevents a direct current through R 3 , since this would attenuate the temper-ature-dependent voltage.

The output load should have a high resistance, some 100 kΩ or even higher. The schema draws a current of a few mA.

Thursday, September 4, 2014

Fog Lamp Sensor

Fog Lamp Sensor Circuit diagram . For several years now, a rear fog lamp has been mandatory for trailers and caravans in order to improve visibility under foggy conditions.

Fog Lamp Sensor Circuit diagram :

Fog Lamp Sensor Circuit Diagram

When this fog lamp is switched on, the fog lamp of the pulling vehicle must be switched off to avoid irritating reflections. For this purpose, a mechanical switch is now built into the 13-way female connector in order to switch off the fog lamp of the pulling vehicle and switch on the fog lamp of the trailer or caravan. For anyone who uses a 7-way connector, this switching can also be implemented electronically with the aid of the schema illustrated here.

Here a type P521 optocoupler detects whether the fog lamp of the caravan or trailer is connected. If the fog lamp is switched on in the car, a current flows through the caravan fog lamp via diodes D1 and D2. This causes the LED in the optocoupler to light up, with the result that the phototransistor conducts and energises the relay via transistor T1. The relay switches off the fog lamp of the car.

For anyone who’s not all thumbs, this small schema can easily be built on a small piece of perforated schema board and then fitted somewhere close to the rear lamp fitting of the pulling vehicle.

Author :Harrie Dogge - Copyright : Elektor